Category: Old Testament

By Myself I Have Sworn – Philippians 2:9‑11 and the God of Isaiah 45

By Myself I Have Sworn – Philippians 2:9‑11 and the God of Isaiah 45

Paul applies YHWH's self-sworn oath from Isaiah 45 — the oath sworn by the one beside whom there is no other — directly to Jesus in Philippians 2:10-11. This article argues that the choice is not a loose borrowing of Isaianic language but an identification of Jesus within the divine identity of YHWH. Six sections engage the steel-man of the opposing case, the genuine concessions the text requires, the narrative logic of morphē and harpagmos, the oath's exclusivity logic, the patristic reception, and the open door for the reader willing to follow Paul where the text leads.

Genesis 1:26 and the “Let Us”: What the Church Actually Taught — A Response to the Divine Council Reading

Genesis 1:26 and the “Let Us”: What the Church Actually Taught — A Response to the Divine Council Reading

A Catholic and Eastern Orthodox response to Jimmy Akin's Divine Council reading of Genesis 1:26 — from Dei Verbum, the Fathers, the Talmud, and the Targums.

The Trinity in the Old Testament: What Genesis, Isaiah, and the Angel of the LORD Reveal

The Trinity in the Old Testament: What Genesis, Isaiah, and the Angel of the LORD Reveal

Was the Trinity hidden in the Old Testament all along? Discover the plural language of Genesis, the Angel of the LORD, Isaiah's Trisagion, and Psalm 110 — pre-Christian Trinitarian evidence.