Two Greek words the Latin Bible collapsed into one generated eight centuries of controversy. This article untangles it completely: the biblical case from Galatians 4:6, John 15:26, and Romans 8:9; Augustine’s principaliter and communiter; Maximus the Confessor’s defense of Rome; the Councils of Toledo, Lyons, and Florence; and the landmark 1995 Pontifical Council clarification showing…

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